{"id":1578,"date":"2021-07-12T14:12:25","date_gmt":"2021-07-12T06:12:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.liugon.com\/?p=1578"},"modified":"2021-07-12T14:12:25","modified_gmt":"2021-07-12T06:12:25","slug":"%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e8%ae%ba-%e5%ad%a6%e6%89%80%e9%95%bf%e6%9e%97%e8%b6%85%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%e5%bf%83%e5%be%97%e6%95%b4%e7%90%86%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0%e4%b8%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.liugon.com\/blog\/1578.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba-\u5b66\u6240\u957f\u6797\u8d85\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\u5fc3\u5f97\u6574\u7406\u7b14\u8bb0(\u4e09)"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u628a\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\u7b80\u5355\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5f62\u4e0d\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\n\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u5806\u77f3\u5934\u3001\u4e00\u5806\u6c99\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u968f\u4fbf\u7684\u4e00\u5806\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8def\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f
\n\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u6700\u5316\u8150\u673d\u4e3a\u795e\u5947\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u662f\u8054\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8fd0\u4f5c\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u6574\u4f53\uff0c\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\n\u6bd4\u5982\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd0\u7b79\u5b66\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u7f57\u7d20\u00b7\u827e\u53ef\u592b( Russell L. Ackoff) \uff0c\u628a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6210\u56db\u4e2a\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\n\u5f20\u4e09\u3001\u756a\u8304\u3001\u9e3d\u5b50\u5c5e\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b
\n\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b
\n\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u98de\u673a\u3001\u624b\u673a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u673a\u68b0\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b
\n\u68ee\u6797\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u3001\u5730\u7403\u5c5e\u4e8e\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\n\u2605\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u7ec4\u4ef6
\n\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u4e09\u5927\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u7d20+\u5173\u7cfb+\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8981\u7d20\u5206\u4e3a\u6b63\u8981\u7d20\u548c\u8d1f\u8981\u7d20\uff1b\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u4e3a\u6b63\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u8d1f\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u4f5c\u7528\u5206\u4e3a\u5feb\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6162\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e09\u5927\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u6b63\u8d1f 6 \u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e94\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u826f\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u8d24\u8005\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u56de\u5f52\u5e73\u5eb8\u548c\u6ede\u540e\u6548\u5e94<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u8282\u8bfe\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n

1.\u8981\u7d20<\/strong>
\n\u6b63\u8981\u7d20\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u6bd4\u5982\u6b63\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6b63\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b63\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\uff0c\u6b63\u8981\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u597d\u4e1c\u897f\u3002
\n\u8d1f\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u8d1f\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u8d1f\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u8d1f\u503a\uff0c\u4e00\u542c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u4e1c\u897f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u8d1f\u80fd\u91cf\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u3002
\n\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u590d\u6742\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5176\u5b9e\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u8282\u8bfe\u518d\u5c55\u5f00\u8bb2\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u662f\u6ca1\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u91cd\u70b9\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\u8d1f\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bb2\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8bfe\u65f6\u4f1a\u8bb2\u5230\u8d1f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
\n\u6b63\u4fe1\u606f\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u8d1f\u4fe1\u606f\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6b3a\u9a97\u3001\u6492\u8c0e\u3001\u8c23\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>
\n\u6b63\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8d1f\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u662f\u51cf\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684 B \u7ad9\u98de\u8f6e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u8574\u542b\u7740\u6b63\u548c\u8d1f\u4e24\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684 up \u4e3b\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u597d\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0cup \u4e3b\u548c\u597d\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5e26\u6765\u6536\u5165\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u7684 up \u4e3b\u8fdb\u5165 B \u7ad9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6b63\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u5173\u7cfb\u5faa\u73af\u3002
\n\"\u8d1f\u5173\u7cfb\u5faa\u73af\"<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u7528\u6237\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5410\u69fd\u548c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7ffb\u8f66\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9UP\u4e3b\u7684\u4ea7\u80fd\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8d1f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u767e\u5927\u6697\u6740\u540d\u5355\u3002
\n\u6797\u8d85\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u89c6\u89d2\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7528\u6237\u8ba8\u538c
\n\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u589e\u591a\u548c\u793e\u533a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u533a\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5f31\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5f15\u5bfc\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u793e\u533a\u5272\u88c2\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u9a82\u6218\uff0c\u9a82\u6218\u5c31\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u79bb\u5f00\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u589e\u52a0\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u51cf\u5f31\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>
\n\u5feb\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6162\u4f5c\u7528
\n\u5feb\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u7b26\u5408\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u4f60\u5e72\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u7acb\u9a6c\u5f97\u5230\u53cd\u9988\u3002
\n\u6162\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u6ede\u540e\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u6162\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6ede\u540e\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u6ede\u540e\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6ede\u540e\u6548\u5e94<\/h3>\n

\u6bd4\u5982\u6253\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u6253\u5b8c\u602a\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7d2f\u79ef\u5230\u4e86\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u80fd\u5347\u7ea7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u53eb\u505a\u5feb\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u6e38\u620f\u5b83\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u7248\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e1c\u897f\uff1f
\n\u6e38\u620f\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u6210\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u90a3\u6bb5\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6e38\u620f\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e0a\u763e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u8425\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u76f4\u89c2\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7acb\u5373\u4f1a\u7ed9\u4f60\uff0c\u4e00\u79d2\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u803d\u8bef\u3002
\n\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u6253\u5b8c\u4e00\u4e2a\u602a\uff0c\u505a\u5b8c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b66\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u6536\u83b7\u5230\u4ef7\u503c\u3002
\n\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u6839\u672c\u7b49\u4e0d\u53ca\u4e2d\u9014\u9000\u573a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c31\u518d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ef7\u503c\u5151\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6ede\u540e\u6548\u5e94\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

5\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\uff083\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\uff09<\/h3>\n

5\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u826f\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u8d24\u8005\u65f6\u523b\u3001\u56de\u5f52\u5e73\u5eb8\u3001\u6ede\u540e\u6548\u5e94
\n3\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\uff1a\u9a6c\u592a\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u5747\u503c\u56de\u5f52\u3001\u6ede\u540e\u6548\u5e94
\n\u5177\u4f53\u62c6\u5206\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5206\u62103\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u8bb0\uff0c\u5206\u62105\u4e2a\u66f4\u7ec6\u8282
\n\"\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\"
\n\"5\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\"
\n\u4e00\u3001\u9a6c\u592a\u6548\u5e94<\/strong>
\n1.\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n

\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u5c31\u662f\u8d1f\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8981\u7d20\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd8\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u95ed\u73af\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u6d88\u606f\u3002
\n\"\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\"
\n\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0d\u81ea\u4fe1\u2192\u9893\u5e9f\u2192\u5931\u7720\u2192\u65e0\u8ba1\u5212\u2192\u65e0\u884c\u52a8\u2192\u65e0\u6210\u679c\u2192\u4e0d\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8d1f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002
\n\"\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u5230\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u5904\u4e00\u4e2a\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002
\n\u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u627e\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u5c31\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002
\n\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u6cd5-\u505a\u4e8b\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f4e\u6548\uff1f<\/p>\n

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\n\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u6293\u5230\u4ed6\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u3002
\n\u6240\u8c13\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u8ffd\u95ee\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002
\n\"\u505a\u4e8b\u4f4e\u6548\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\"
\n\u6bd4\u5982\u505a\u4e8b\u4f4e\u6548\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cbe\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002
\n\u7cbe\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u53c8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f
\n\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u56f0\u3002
\n\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u56f0\u53c8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7761\u7720\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1b\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e0d\u8db3\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002
\n\u90a3\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53bb\u559d\u5496\u5561\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u559d\u5496\u5561\u2192\u7761\u7720\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u665a\u4e0a\u559d\u5496\u5561
\n\u7761\u7720\u4e0d\u8db3\u2192\u5bb9\u6613\u72af\u56f0\u2192\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e0d\u8db3\u2192\u559d\u5496\u5561\u2192\u7761\u7720\u4e0d\u8db3
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cc\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ffd\u95ee\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f60\u6ca1\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u7761\u7720\u4e0d\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u53c8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u3002
\n\u90a3\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u600e\u4e48\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff1f
\n\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u505a\u4e8b\u4f4e\u6548\uff0c\u505a\u4e8b\u4f4e\u6548\u2192\u6ca1\u65f6\u95f4\u2192\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1b\u7761\u7720\u4e0d\u8db3\u2192\u72af\u56f0\uff1b\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u4e0d\u8db3\u2192\u7cbe\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3
\n\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u505a\u4e8b\u4f4e\u6548\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u9010\u5c42\u5f80\u91cc\u9762\u53bb\u63a8\u5bfc\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6539\u5584\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6076\u6027\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u518d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5982\u4f55\u5316\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u6760\u6746\u89e3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5de5\u5177\u4e00\uff1a\u6760\u6746\u89e3<\/h3>\n

\u5f88\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u53eb\u505a\u547d\u95e8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u80dc\u8d1f\u624b\u6216\u8005\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u517b\u6210\u5bfb\u627e\u6760\u6746\u89e3\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u4e60\u60ef<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5361\u5c14\u9a6c\u514b\u601d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u627e\u5230\u4e3b\u8981\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u770b\u4f3c\u7eb7\u7e41\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u90fd\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9e1f\u7fa4\u6a21\u578b
\n\"\u9e1f\u7fa4\u6a21\u578b\"
\n\u9e1f\u7fa4\u6a21\u578b Bird-oid object
\n\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5730\u7406\u6742\u5fd7\u4e2d\u6587\u7f51
\n\u4f5c\u8005 Craig Reynolds
\n\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u62df\u9e1f\u7fa4\u98de\u884c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e1f\u7684\u98de\u884c\u8f68\u8ff9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5728\u56fe\u5f62\u79d1\u5b66\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c
\n\u5b83\u53eb\u505abird-old objects \u7b80\u79f0boil\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u5f62\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Craig Reynolds\u5728 1986 \u5e74\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u6784\u7b51\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9e1f\u7fa4\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002
\n\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9e1f\u7b26\u5408\u4e09\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u89c4\u5f8b\u5c31\u884c\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u53ea\u9e1f\uff0c\u8981\u548c\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9e1f\u7684\u98de\u884c\u65b9\u5411\u81ea\u52a8\u4fdd\u6301\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002
\n\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662f\u9760\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u9e1f\u4f1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u9760\u8fd1\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u9e1f\uff1b
\n\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u662f\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ddd\u79bb\u592a\u8fd1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u53ea\u9e1f\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u98de\u8fdc\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u78b0\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u9e1f\u3002
\n\"\u9e1f\u7fa4\u6a21\u578b\"
\n\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u52a8\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u6784\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u4f3c\u5b8c\u5168\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u98de\u884c\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6760\u6746\u4e14\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u770b\u4f3c\u6781\u5176\u5e9e\u5927\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6293\u4f4f\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u7275\u4e00\u53d1\u52a8\u5168\u8eab\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u91cd\u6784\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u505a\u4e8b\u4f4e\u6548\u7684\u6760\u6746\u89e3<\/p>\n

\u56de\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u624d\u770b\u90a3\u4e2a\u7cbe\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6760\u6746\u89e3\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n\"\u505a\u4e8b\u4f4e\u6548\u7684\u6760\u6746\u89e3\"
\n\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u628a\u539f\u56e0\u63a8\u5230\u6700\u5e95\u5c42\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u52a8\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a
\n\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u7761\u7720\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u627e\u7684\u6760\u6746\u89e3\u3002
\n\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u51b3\u4ed6\u4eec\uff1f
\n\u5728\u5fd9\u788c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u6324\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7761\u7720?
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5c31\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7cbe\u529b\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7cbe\u529b\u7ba1\u7406\u8282\u8bfe\u4f1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u53ea\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4eea\u5f0f\uff1f<\/strong>
\n\u4eea\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c\u4eea\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u601d\u8003\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u60ef\u6027\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002
\n\u6bd4\u5982\u5237\u7259\u5c31\u662f\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u6bcf\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u8d70\u8fdb\u6d74\u5ba4\uff0c\u62ff\u8d77\u7259\u5237\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u5237\u7259\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u52a8\u4f5c\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002
\n\u6240\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4eea\u5f0f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u8111\u610f\u5fd7\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u628a\u610f\u5fd7\u529b\u8282\u7701\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7528\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u66f4\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4e24\u5957\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u7761\u524d\u4eea\u5f0f&\u6668\u8fd0\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u6760\u6746\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7761\u524d\u4eea\u5f0f
\n\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u4f1a\u5728\u7761\u524d\u63d0\u524d 15 \u5206\u949f\u5230\u534a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u706f\u90fd\u5173\u6389\uff0c\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u5904\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u73af\u5883\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u7528\u624b\u673a\u548c\u7535\u8111\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u770b\u4e66\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u542c\u97f3\u4e50\uff0c\u5f3a\u8feb\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u4e2d\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u4e0d\u505a\u3002\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0a\u5e8a\u7761\u89c9\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e72\u5f97\u6700\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5c31\u662f\u65e5\u51fa\u800c\u4f5c\uff0c\u65e5\u843d\u800c\u606f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6784\u9020\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u53d1\u5c55\u5374\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5934\u8111\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u53eb\u892a\u9ed1\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7761\u7720\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5728\u591c\u665a\u3001\u9ed1\u6697\u65f6\u8fdc\u79bb\u706f\u5149\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u6ccc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u592a\u8fc7\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u7761\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u5237\u624b\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e25\u91cd\u5e72\u6270\u4e86\u892a\u9ed1\u7d20<\/strong>\u7684\u5206\u6ccc\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u8d8a\u5237\u624b\u673a\u3001\u8d8a\u5931\u7720\uff0c\u8d8a\u5931\u7720\u8d8a\u5237\u624b\u673a\u7684\u602a\u5708\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6668\u8fd0\u4eea\u5f0f
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\n1.\u4f60\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u6c38\u8fdc\u4f1a\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4f60\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u5bf9\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5e26\u52a8\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6709\u4e25\u91cd\u6ede\u540e\u6548\u5e94\u3002
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\n3.\u8d24\u8005\u65f6\u523b<\/strong>
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4.\u56de\u5f52\u5e73\u5eb8
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\n\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u5f53\u4f60\u8dcc\u5165\u8c37\u5e95\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f53\u9a8c\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u5dee\u3002
\n\u800c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\uff0c\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u8dcc\u7834\u4e86\u4f60\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u56de\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u5177\u4e8c\uff1a\u50a8\u84c4\u6c60<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u575a\u6301\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u50a8\u84c4\u6c60\uff0c\u50a8\u84c4\u6c60\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u6d17\u6fa1\u76c6\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u662f\u6d41\u5165\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u662f\u7559\u51fa\u3002
\n\"\u50a8\u84c4\u6c60\"
\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8ddf\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u5f88\u50cf\uff1a
\n\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u662f\u4e00\u8fb9\u6323\u94b1\u4e00\u8fb9\u82b1\u94b1\uff1b
\n\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4e00\u8fb9\u6444\u5165\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u6d88\u8017\uff1b
\n\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u604b\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u60c5\u611f\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4e00\u8fb9\u5b58\u6b3e\uff0c\u4e00\u8fb9\u53d6\u6b3e\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u6d41\u5165\u7684\u91cf\uff1e\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u91cf\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u50a8\u84c4\u6c60\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u3002
\n\u4e0d\u8981\u5c0f\u770b\u8fd9\u79cd\u50a8\u84c4\u6c60\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u751f\u987a\u5229\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u5375\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4eba\u751f\u4f4e\u8c37\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6d3e\u4e0a\u5927\u7528\u573a\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5e73\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u5fc3\u4f60\u7684\u604b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f60\u5b58\u5165\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b58\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4fe1\u4efb\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u50a8\u84c4\u6c60\u80fd\u591f\u8d77\u5230\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u3002
\n\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ce2\u8c37\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u5728\u5fcd\u53d7\u4e0d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u6bd4\u5982\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6295\u8d44\u4e0b\u8dcc 50\uff05 \u65f6\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6ca1\u6709\u50a8\u84c4\u6c60\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u79bb\u573a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0b\u8dcc\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fb\u7a7f\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9632\u7ebf\u3002
\n\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u50a8\u84c4\u6c60\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u50a8\u84c4\u6c60\u4f1a\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6ce2\u52a8\u66f2\u7ebf\u62c9\u9ad8\u4e00\u622a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u7ed9\u4e86\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f13\u51b2\u5730\u5e26\u3002
\n\u5f53\u4f60\u8dcc\u5165\u8c37\u5e95\u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u5730\u5e26\u8ba9\u4f60\u4e0d\u53d7\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002
\n\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u770b\u5f85\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u5c31\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6de1\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\u3002
\n\"\u6de1\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\"
\n\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u957f\u671f\u575a\u6301\u505a\u81ea\u5df1\u89c9\u5f97\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u662f\u51ed\u4ec0\u4e48\u625b\u8fc7\u90a3\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u6548\u5e94\u7684\uff1f
\n\u5176\u5b9e\u9760\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u51b3\u5fc3\u3001\u6bc5\u529b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5929\u5929\u6253\u9e21\u8840\uff0c\u9760\u7684\u662f\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u91d1\u94b1\u4e0a\u672a\u96e8\u7ef8\u7f2a\u7684\u50a8\u84c4\u6c60<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6559\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u50a8\u84c4\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u9002\u5e94\u529b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u597d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81<\/h3>\n

\u597d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b83\u8fd8\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u9002\u5e94\u529b\uff08resilience\uff09\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08self organization\uff09\u548c\u5c42\u6b21\u6027\uff08hierarchy\uff09
\n1.\u9002\u5e94\u529b\uff08resilience\uff09
\n\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5b83\u53eb\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5f53\u521d\u5b66\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u89c9\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u9707\u64bc\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6709\u70b9\u602a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662frobustness [r\u0259\u028a\u02c8b\u028cstn\u0259s] \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u97f3\u8bd1\uff0c\u662f\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u5371\u9669\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u591a\u5f3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u3002
\n\u6bd4\u5982\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u6545\u969c\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8fc7\u8f7d\u3001\u906d\u9047\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u4e0d\u6b7b\u673a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u6210\u719f\u7684IT\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u5efa\u7acb\u6a21\u62df\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u60f3\u5efa\u7acb\u9002\u5e94\u529b\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4e3b\u52a8\u5730\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u53d7\u70b9\u5c0f\u4f24\uff0c\u7559\u51fa\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba9\u4f24\u53e3\u6062\u590d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u53bb\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e5f\u662f\u8df3\u51fa\u8212\u9002\u5708<\/strong>\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6bcf\u5929\u8981\u8fd0\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u523b\u610f\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u6709\u4e9b\u96be\u53d7\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8131\u79bb\u8212\u9002\u5708\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u9694\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u53bb\u9605\u8bfb\u4e00\u4e9b\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u6750\u6599\u6216\u8005\u4e66\u7c4d<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u5929\u53ea\u770b\u6296\u97f3\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u5934\u8111\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u529b\uff1b
\n\u903c\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u505a\u4e00\u4e0b\u516c\u4f17\u6f14\u8bb2\uff1b
\n\u5411\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u63a8\u9500\u70b9\u5c0f\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e00\u4e0b\u5c0f\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff1b
\n\u53bb\u6253\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e73\u65f6\u5f88\u5c11\u73a9\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b
\n\u770b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e73\u65f6\u4e0d\u611f\u5192\u7684\u7535\u5f71\uff1b
\n\u51fa\u53bb\u65c5\u884c\u63a5\u89e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u964c\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u4e8b\u60c5\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u9002\u5e94\u529b\u7684\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08self organization\uff09
\n\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9760\u5916\u90e8\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ea\u4f9d\u9760\u67d0\u79cd\u5185\u5728\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u4f53\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u8282\u8bfe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u8fc7\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\uff0c\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u6392\u51fa\u71b5\u7684\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u9605\u8bfb\u300a\u91cd\u6574\u71b5\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u578b<\/a>\u300b
\n\"\"
\n\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4f53\u91cc\u9762\u6bcf\u5929\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u3002
\n\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u60f3\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u4f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6574\u5929\u53bb\u5e72\u9884\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u597d\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u5929\u5403\u7684\u98df\u7269\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5a31\u4e50\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u6bcf\u5929\u6d4f\u89c8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002
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